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Wednesday, August 4, 2021
History of Daman and Diu
Daman gets its name from the Daman Ganga River, whereas Diu gets its name from the Sanskrit word dvipa, which means "island." Both were subject to numerous local and regional powers ruling in western India from the period of the Mauryans (4th–2nd century BCE). Daman was a part of the Ramnagar state in the 13th century, which later became a tributary of the Gujarat sultans. In Kathiawar (Saurashtra), a number of dynasties controlled Diu till it succumbed to the Sultan of Gujarat in the early 15th century.
The Portuguese bought Daman and Diu as part of a big plan to control the Indian Ocean trade. In 1535, Sultan Bahdur Shah of Gujarat signed a pact with the Portuguese. The Portuguese built a fort at Diu, a key port on the thriving commerce and religious routes connecting India and the Middle East. All Gujarati ships entering and leaving the Gulf of Khambhat (Cambay) ports were forced to pay Portuguese taxes by the mid-1550s. A Jesuit college was built by the Portuguese in Diu. Daman gets its name from the Daman Ganga River, whereas Diu gets its name from the Sanskrit word dvipa, which means "island." Both were subject to numerous local and regional powers ruling in western India from the period of the Mauryans (4th–2nd century BCE). In the 13th century Daman formed part of the Ramnagar state, which then became a tributary of the Gujarat sultans.Similarly, numerous dynasties in Kathiawar (Saurashtra) ruled Diu until it fell to the sultan of Gujarat in the early 15th century.The Portuguese acquired Daman and Diu as part of their grand design to control the trade of the Indian Ocean. In 1535, under a treaty with Sultan Bahādur. Which was converted into the majestic Cathedral of Sé Matriz about the turn of the 17th century; the cathedral remains a landmark today.Renowned for its docks and shipbuilding yards, Daman (known in Portuguese as Damão) was conquered by the Portuguese in 1559.
Both Daman and Diu were subject to the governor-general of Goa as part of the Portuguese overseas province Estado da India (State of India). They remained under Portuguese rule for more than four centuries, though the decline of the Portuguese empire in Asia greatly diminished their strategic significance. Daman and Diu survived as outposts of Portuguese overseas territory until 1961, when they became part of India.
Resource link by: www.britannica.com
Friday, July 9, 2021
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Geography
Location of Dadra and Nagar Haveli The area of Dadra and Nagar Haveli is spread over 491 square kilometres (190 sq mi).
Its population density is 698 square kilometres (269 sq mi). Though landlocked between Gujarat to the north and Maharashtra to the south, it is close to the western coast of India (between 20°0′ and 20°25′ N latitude and between 72°50′ and 73°15′ E longitude),and the Arabian Sea can be reached via Vapi in Gujarat.Dadra and Nagar Haveli comprises two separate geographical units. The larger part—Nagar Haveli—spans a roughly C-shaped area upriver from the city of Daman on the coast, at the centre of which, straddling the border with Gujarat, is the Madhuban reservoir. The smaller enclave of Dadra is a short distance to the northwest. Dadra and Nagar Haveli is in the middle of the undulating watershed of the Daman Ganga River, which flows through Nagar Haveli and later forms the short southern border of Dadra. The towns of Dadra and Silvassa lie on the north bank of the river. The Western Ghats range rises to the east, and the foothills of the range occupy the eastern portion of the district.
Dadra and Nagar
Haveli is surrounded by Valsad District of Gujarat on the west, north, and
east, and by Thane District of Maharashtra on the south and southeast (after
the division of Thane District, it is now surrounded by the newly formed
Palghar District) Maghval is a small enclave village belonging to Gujarat that
is located within Nagar Haveli, just south of Silvassa.The nearest railway
station are Bhilad & Vapi in Gujarat on the Mumbai-Delhi route ( Western
Railways ) Bhilad is about 14 km west of Silvassa & Vapi is about 18
km northwest of Silvassa. Mumbai is approximately 180 km from Silvassa. Surat
city is about 140 km away. Mumbai and Surat are the nearest airports
Portuguese era
The Portuguese were granted the area of Nagar Haveli on 10 June 1783 on the basis of Friendship Treaty executed on 17 December 1779 as compensation towards damage to the Portuguese frigate Santana by Maratha Navy in 1772 The treaty allowed the Portuguese to collect revenue from 72 villages in Nagar Haveli.
Then, in 1785 the Portuguese purchased Dadra, annexing it to Portuguese India (Estado Português da Índia).In 1818, the Maratha Empire was defeated by the British in the Third Anglo-Maratha War, and the Portuguese ultimately became the effective rulers of Dadra and Nagar Haveli.Under the Portuguese rule, Dadra and Nagar Haveli were part of the Distrito de Damão (Daman district) of the Estado da Índia (Portuguese State of India). The two territories formed a single concelho (municipality), named "Nagar Haveli", with its head in Darará until 1885 and, after that, with its head in the town of Silvassa.
The local affairs were overseen by an elected câmara municipal (municipal council), with the higher level affairs administrated by the district governor of Daman, who was represented in Nagar Haveli by an administrator.The Nagar Haveli concelho was itself divided in the following freguesias (civil parishes): Silvassa, Noroli, Dadra, Quelalunim, Randá, Darará, Cadoli, Canoel, Carchonde, and Sindonim. The Portuguese rule lasted until 1954, when Dadra and Nagar Haveli were captured by supporters of the Indian Union. It was the first colony to be detached from the Empire by the occupation of the Indian Union in 1954, after nearly two centuries of Portuguese rule.
Resource link by: Wikipedia
Saturday, July 3, 2021
WEAR A MASK , SAVE A LIFE
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Face mask may refer to:
an item of protective equipmentthat primarily guards the airways:
Diving mask, for use underwater
Facemask (orthodontics), used for correcting teeth misalignments
Facial mask, used for cosmetic skin treatment
Face mask (gridiron football), in sports
A maskfor the face, typically used in rituals and performance art
Face mask (We people), a West African wooden mask at the Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indiana, US
Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic
Hypomimia or masked facies, a medical sign
Full face mask, for SCUBA diving
Simple face mask, for oxygen therapy
All pages with titles containing face mask or face mask
All pages with titles beginning with Face Mask
Mask (disambiguation)
Face (disambiguation)
COVID-19 pandemic
During the COVID-19 pandemic, face masks, such as surgical masks and cloth masks, have been employed as a public and personal health control measure against the spread of SARS-CoV-2. In both community and healthcare settings, their use is intended as source control to limit transmission of the virus and personal protection to prevent infection. Their function for source control is emphasized in community settings.
As the pandemic raged on, healthcare workers were required to continue wearing surgical masks for 12 or more hours a day. This caused the ear loops of the masks to chafe the back of their ears. Ear savers, plastic straps and hooks that go around wearer's heads, were invented to move the ear loops away from the wearer's ears. They could be made on demand by using 3D printing process.
9 Types of Masks and How Effective They Are
> Bandana
A bandana is a triangular or square piece of cloth that’s often worn as a head or neck covering.
Tying a bandana over your mouth and nose is a time-honored way to keep dust and other particles out of the respiratory system. (That’s why cowboys used them during roundups.)Bandanas provide some protection against droplets and cough- or sneeze-related “spray.” Without any kind of nose or mouth covering, droplets can spray more than 8 feet, according to research from Florida Atlantic University. Wearing a bandana can decrease that to about 4 feet.
> Homemade cloth mask
According to an article published in The Journal of Family Practice, single-layer masks may only provide 1% particle filtration.
A two-layer cotton mask filters out about 35% of small particles, so they offer personal protection to the wearer. Cotton face masks can decrease droplet spray from 8 feet to 2 ½ inches, which reduces the amount of potentially virus-containing particles you release into the air (were you to be infected and not know it.)The effectiveness of a homemade cloth face mask largely depends upon its construction. According to Johns Hopkins Medicine, densely woven cotton fabrics, such as quilting cotton, are best. Single-layer fabric masks are less effective than double-layer masks, which may be less effective than triple-layer masks.
> T-shirt mask
Numerous online tutorials show how to craft a face mask from an old T-shirt. T-shirt masks are cheap and easy to make, but they’re not the most effective.
According to a 2013 study published in Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, T-shirt masks are one-third as effective as disposable surgical masks.The upside of T-shirt masks: they’re comfortable, as the slightly stretchy material conforms to the face. You may be able to increase the effectiveness of a T-shirt mask by using more than one layer of material.
> Store-bought cloth mask
The effectiveness of a store-bought cloth mask will depend on its construction. According to Johns Hopkins Medicine, you should look for a mask with at least three layers of fabric; ideally, you want a mask constructed from tight-weave 100% cotton cloth.A typical cloth face mask “is probably at least 50 percent” protective, while “high quality masks could be 80-95 percent protective, and even low-quality masks made of very thin materials could still be 10-20 percent protective,” according to Steffen Eikenberry, a postdoctoral scholar at Arizona State University who’s studied the effectiveness of masks.
> Cloth masks with filter
Some store-bought masks come with filter pockets; you can also make cloth masks with a pocket for a filter.
You can use folded facial tissues as a filter; simply slip the folded tissue into the filter pocket. Change the tissue filter daily.In an NPR report, May Chu, an epidemiologist at the Colorado School of Public Health, recommends using a filter of polypropylene material, a durable synthetic fabric often used in upholstery that can hold an electrostatic charge (which helps it trap small particles). Adding a polypropylene filter to a two-layer cloth mask can increase filtration efficiency from 35% to nearly 70%.Caution about vented masks: Masks with exhalation valves or vents should not be worn to help prevent the person wearing the mask from spreading COVID-19 to others. That is because the vent allows unfiltered air to escape.
> Neck gaiters and balaclavas
Outdoors enthusiasts often have neck gaiters (essentially, a tube of fabric that’s worn around the neck and can be pulled up or down, as needed, to protect the face and neck) or balaclavas (tight-fitting garments that cover the head and neck) on hand.
These can be used as mouth and nose coverings and may provide some protection against spread of the novel coronavirus.Note: many gaiters are made of synthetic fabric, and synthetic fabric doesn’t seem to be as effective in preventing the spread of small particles as natural fibers, such as cotton. What's more, a recent study found that neck gaiters made of synthetic fleece may do more harm than good because they essentially aerosolize the wearer's respiratory droplets.
> Disposable surgical mask
These flat, thin, paper-like masks are usually white and light blue. According to a 2013 study published in Aerosol Science and Technology, surgical face masks can filter out about 60% of smaller, inhaled particles. They are primarily intended to stop droplets, sprays and splatters, and studies have shown that diligently wearing surgical masks in public spaces can significantly reduce the spread of respiratory infection.Surgical masks are not designed to be used more than once. Ideally, you should dispose of a mask after wearing it.
> Cone-style masks
Manufactured cone-style face masks are molded masks that fit over the mouth and nose; usually, there’s also a strip of metal at the top, so the wearer can secure the mask at the bridge of the nose.
According to a study by Arizona State University researchers, cone-style face masks are less effective at containing droplets and spray than cloth face masks constructed of quilting cotton. The cone-style masks are more effective than a bandana.
> N95, KN95 and other respirators
N95 face respirators offer the most protection against novel coronavirus and other respiratory diseases. N95s protect the person wearing the mask because they filter out 95% of particles from the air breathed in. Wearing any of the other masks in the list (cotton and disposable) are intended to protect others around you from your own respiratory droplets and “spray.” However, the CDC states that cloth and disposable masks also filter particles at varying efficiencies, so they offer personal protection as well.However, N95 masks are in short supply and should be reserved for healthcare providers. The CDC does not recommend the general public wear N95 masks. In fact, if you have any N95 respirators, you should consider donating them to your local hospital for first responders.KN95 respirators are made to China specifications and standards and N95s are made to U.S. design standards. Both are rated to filter out 95% of very small particles. Buy KN95s that meet the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) requirements. About 60% of KN95s in the U.S. may be fake and do not meet NIOSH requirements, according to the CDC.Even more effective than N95 respirators are the N99 (99% filtration), N100 (99.97% filtration), R95 (95% filtration, and partially resistant to oil), and P95, P99 and P100 (95%, 99% and 99.97% filtration, respectively, and strongly oil resistant). Refer to the CDC for more information on respirators.
resource link by : Wikipedia
Wednesday, June 30, 2021
Stay Tuned to Radio City 91.1 FM Ahmadabad
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भारत की सबसे तेज और विश्वसनीय टेंडर्स की जानकारी देनेवाली एक मात्र कंपनी टेंडर डिटेल को अब आप रेडियो सिटी परभी सुन सकेंगे
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With everyone's request, you will be able to listen to us on radio also on Radio City.
Radio City 91.1 is India's first private station, so keep listening to Radio City 91.1 Live Ahmedabad throughout the day
आप सब की फरमाइस से आप TenderDetail.com को रेडियो सिटी 91.1 FM पर भी सुन सकेंगे रेडियो सिटी पर, रेडियो सिटी ९१.१ इंडिया का पहला प्राइवेट स्टेशन है तोह सुनते रहे पुरे दिन भर रेडियो सिटी 91.1 FM लाइव अहमदाबाद
Tuesday, June 29, 2021
National Doctor's Day - 1st July
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National Doctor’s Day
History :-
The first Doctors’ Day observance was March 28, 1933, in Winder, Georgia. This first observance included the mailing of cards to the physicians and their wives, flowers placed on graves of deceased doctors, including Dr. Long, and a formal dinner in the home of Dr. and Mrs. William T. Randolph. After the Barrow County Alliance adopted Mrs. Almond's resolution to pay tribute to the doctors, the plan was presented to the Georgia State Medical Alliance in 1933 by Mrs. E. R. Harris of Winder, president of the Barrow County Alliance. On May 10, 1934,
the resolution was adopted at the annual state meeting in Augusta, Georgia. The resolution was introduced to the Women's Alliance of the Southern Medical Association at its 29th annual meeting held in St. Louis, Missouri, November 19–22, 1935, by the Alliance president, Mrs. J. Bonar White. Since then, Doctors' Day has become an integral part of and synonymous with, the Southern Medical Association Alliance.The United States Senate and House of Representatives passed S.J. RES. #366 during the 101st United States Congress, which President Bush signed on October 30, 1990 (creating Public Law 101-473), designating Doctors' Day as a national holiday to be celebrated on March 30.Dr. Marion Mass along with Dr. Kimberly Jackson and Dr. Christina Lang applied to officially have physicians day changed to physicians week. This was accepted in March 2017.In 2017 Physicians Working Together (PWT, founded by Dr. Kimberly Jackson) sponsored a series of articles in celebration of National Physicians week that were hosted on KevinMD. In 2018 PWT along with Openxmed sponsored a free online conference focusing on physician well being and advocacy. In 2019, PWT and Openxmed sponsored a scholarship program for medical students and residents. The weeklong event focuses on advocacy and supporting the physician community.
Celebrating nations :-
Australia
In Australia, there are various dates on which National Doctor’s Day may be recognized, the most participated being the 30th of March
Kuwait
In Kuwait, National Doctor’s Day is celebrated on the 3rd of March. The idea of this celebration came for the Kuwaiti business woman; Zahra Sulaiman Al-Moussawi. And the date was chosen due to it being the birthday of Dr. Sundus Al-Mazidi, her daughter.
Brazil
In Brazil, National Doctors' fDay is celebrated as a holiday on October 18, the day on which the Catholic Church celebrates the birthday of Saint Luke. According to the Church Tradition the apostle and Evangelist Saint Luke was a doctor, as it is written in the New Testament (Colossians 4:14)
Canada
National Physicians' Day is celebrated in Canada on May 1. The date was chosen by the Canadian Medical Association in recognition of Dr. Emily Stowe, the first female physician to practice in Canada.[6] Senate Public Bill S-248 will officially recognise the day, if enacted
Cuba
In Cuba, National Doctors' Day is celebrated as a holiday on December 3 to commemorate the birthday of Carlos Juan Finlay. Carlos J. Finlay (December 3, 1833 – August 6, 1915) was a Cuban physician and scientist recognized as a pioneer in yellow fever research. He was the first to theorize, in 1881, that a mosquito was a carrier, now known as a disease vector, of the organism causing yellow fever: a mosquito that bites a victim of the disease could subsequently bite and thereby infect a healthy person. A year later Finlay identified a mosquito of the genus Aedes as the organism transmitting yellow fever. His theory was followed by the recommendation to control the mosquito population as a way to control the spread of the sickness.
India
In India, the National Doctors' Day is celebrated on July 1 all across India to honour the legendary physician and the second Chief Minister of West Bengal, Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy. He was born on July 1, 1882 and died on the same date in 1962, aged 80 years.
Indonesia
Hari Dokter Nasional or National Doctor's Day is celebrated in Indonesia on 24 October each year. The day also marked with the birthday celebration of the Indonesian Doctors Association (IDI)
Iran
In Iran, Avicenna's birthday (Iranian Month: Shahrivar 1st=August 23) is commemorated as the national day for doctors.
Malaysia
In Malaysia, Doctors Day is celebrated on the 10th of October every year. It was first launched by the Federation of Private Medical Practitioners Associations, Malaysia in 2014.
Turkey
In Turkey, it is celebrated as Medicine Day on the 14th of March every year since 1919.
United States
In the United States, National Doctors' Day is a day on which the service of physicians to the nation is recognized annually. The idea came from Eudora Brown Almond, wife of Dr. Charles B. Almond, and the date chosen was the anniversary of the first use of general anesthesia in surgery. On March 30, 1842,[16] in Jefferson, Georgia, Dr. Crawford Long used ether to anesthetize a patient, James Venable, and painlessly excised a tumor from his neck
Vietnam
Vietnam founded Doctor's Day on February 28, 1955. The day is celebrated on February 27 or sometimes dates closest to this date
Nepal
Nepal also celebrates Nepali National Doctor Day on Nepali date Falgun 20 (4 March). Since the establishment of Nepal Medical Association, Nepal has organized this day every year. The doctor-patient communication, clinical treatment, and community-based health promotion and care is discussed
Resource link by :- Wikipedia
Sunday, June 27, 2021
Fortnite
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History of Fortnite ( Online Games ):-
Fortnite is a free-to-play video game set in a post-apocalyptic, zombie-infested world. It was created by Tim Sweeney and released through Epic Games Inc. in July 2017.Originally Answered: How did Fortnite get its name? It got its name from its original “Save The World” mode where the storm made the sky dark(Thus making it seem like night) And you were set to build and fight against the zombies(Forts). Building forts at night = fortnite.
Fortnite is an online video game developed by Epic Games and released in 2017. It is available in three distinct game mode versions that otherwise share the same general gameplay and game engine: Fortnite: Save the World, a cooperative hybrid-tower defense-shooter-survival game for up to four players to fight off zombie-like creatures and defend objects with traps and fortifications they can build; Fortnite Battle Royale, a free-to-play battle royale game in which up to 100 players fight to be the last person standing; and Fortnite Creative, in which players are given complete freedom to create worlds and battle arenas. Save the World and Battle Royale were released in 2017 as early access titles, while Creative was released on December 6, 2018. While the Save the World and Creative versions have been successful for Epic Games, Fortnite Battle Royale in particular became an overwhelming success and a cultural phenomenon, drawing more than 125 million players in less than a year, earning hundreds of millions of dollars per month, and $9 billion in revenue in its first two years.Save the World is available only for Windows, macOS, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One, while Battle Royale and Creative were released for all those platforms, and also for Nintendo Switch, iOS and Android devices. The game is expected to also launch with the release of the next-generation PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X/S consoles.
Game Modes:-
Fortnite is distributed as three different game modes, using the same engine; each has similar graphics, art assets, and game mechanics.Fortnite: Save the World is a player-versus-environment cooperative game, with four players collaborating towards a common objective on various missions. The game is set after a fluke storm appears across Earth, causing 98% of the population to disappear, and the survivors to be attacked by zombie-like "husks". The players take the role of commanders of home base shelters, collecting resources, saving survivors, and defending equipment that helps to either collect data on the storm or to push back the storm. From missions, players are awarded a number of in-game items, which include hero characters, weapon and trap schematics, and survivors, all of which can be leveled up through gained experience to improve their attributes.Fortnite Battle Royale is a player-versus-player game for up to 100 players, allowing one to play alone, in a duo, or in a squad (usually consisting of three or four players).
Weaponless players airdrop from a "Battle Bus" that crosses the game's map. When they land, they must scavenge for weapons, items, resources, and even vehicles while trying to stay alive and to attack and eliminate other players. Over the course of a round, the safe area of the map shrinks down in size due to an incoming toxic storm; players outside that threshold take damage and can be eliminated if they fail to quickly evacuate. This forces remaining players into tighter spaces and encourages player encounters. The last player, duo, or squad remaining is the winner.Fortnite Creative is a sandbox game mode, similar to Minecraft in that players are given complete freedom to spawn everything that is within the game on an island, and can create games such as battle arenas, race courses, platforming challenges, and more.Players can use their pickaxe to knock down existing structures on the map to collect basic resources that are wood, brick, and metal. Subsequently, in all modes, the player can use these materials to build fortifications, such as walls, floors, and stairs. Such fortification pieces can be edited to add things like windows or doors. The materials used have different durability properties and can be updated to stronger variants using more materials of the same type. Within Save the World this enables players to create defensive fortifications around an objective or trap-filled tunnels to lure husks through. In Battle Royale, this provides the means to quickly traverse the map, protect oneself from enemy fire, or to delay an advancing foe. Players are encouraged to be very inventive in designing their fortifications in Creative.While Battle Royale and Creative are free-to-play, Save the World is pay-to-play. The games are monetized through the use of V-Bucks, in-game currency that can be purchased with real-world funds, but also earned through completing missions and other achievements in Save the World. V-Bucks in Save the World can be used to buy loot boxes, in the form of piñatas shaped like llamas, to gain a random selection of items. In Battle Royale, V-Bucks can be used to buy cosmetic items like character models or the like, or can also be used to purchase the game's battle pass, a tiered progression of customization rewards for gaining experience and completing certain objectives during the course of a Battle Royale season.
Resource link by Wikipedia
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